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Timeline of Racial Wealth Gap
  + stars: | 2023-10-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +8 min
Policies and practices that have disadvantaged Black Americans generation after generation help explain the racial wealth gap. Black veterans find it much harder to obtain benefits; one study finds Black claimants were twice as likely to have their applications queried. 1877Southern states begin enacting “Jim Crow” laws, which formalize racial segregation. The laws restrict civil liberties and limit job opportunities for Black people as employers relegate Black workers to lower-skilled roles. 1896The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Plessy v Ferguson that racial segregation is permissible.
Persons: Black, vagrancy, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman, Andrew Johnson, Jim Crow, Ferguson, Henry Ford, Woodrow Wilson, Smith, Bankhead Organizations: Civil, Union, Bureau, American Medical Association, Prudential, Companies, Black, American Federation of Labor, U.S, Supreme, Plessy, U.S . Department of Agriculture, U.S . Constitution, National Association of Real, Owners Loan Corporation, U.S . Commission, Housing Administration, Federal Housing Administration Locations: U.S, Southern, Black, Louisville , Kentucky, U.S ., Tulsa , Oklahoma, Los Angeles, Chicago, Levittown, New York’s
Nicole Hemmer Courtesy Nicole HemmerTheir new map is out, and it makes clear that the Republican-controlled legislature in Alabama has flouted the court order. That started to change in 1938, when the court began to lay the groundwork for the civil rights jurisprudence of the mid- 20th century. APAs the court came to embrace civil rights, racial conservatives began to defy it. Join us on Twitter and FacebookThe courts historically have faced White resistance whenever they have sided with Black civil rights. That tells us less about the court and more about the political power — and impunity — still wielded by pro-discrimination forces, decades after the Civil Rights Movement.
Persons: Nicole Hemmer, Carolyn T, Robert M, , Who, Kay Ivey, , Dred Scott, Sandford, Plessy, Ferguson, Harlan Stone, Brown, White, Organizations: Rogers Center, Vanderbilt University, “ Partisans, Conservative, CNN, Black, Republican, Republican Gov, Alabama Republicans, Civil, Graymont Elementary School, AP, National Guard, Twitter, Civil Rights Movement, Trump Republicans Locations: Alabama, , United States, Birmingham , Alabama, In Massachusetts
If nothing else, the Supreme Court’s decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard is a victory for the conservative vision of the so-called colorblind Constitution — a Constitution that does not see or recognize race in any capacity, for any reason. As Chief Justice John Roberts wrote in his opinion for the court, “Eliminating racial discrimination means eliminating all of it.” Or as Justice Clarence Thomas put it in his concurrence, “Under our Constitution, race is irrelevant.”The language of colorblindness that Roberts and Thomas use to make their argument comes directly from Justice John Marshall Harlan’s lonely dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson, the decision that upheld Jim Crow segregation. Our Constitution is colorblind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens,” wrote Harlan, who would have struck down a Louisiana law establishing “equal but separate” accommodations on passenger railways. But there’s more to Harlan’s dissent than his most frequently cited words would lead you to believe. It’s not that segregation was wrong but that, in Harlan’s view, it was unnecessary.
Persons: John Roberts, Clarence Thomas, , Roberts, Thomas, John Marshall Harlan’s, Plessy, Ferguson, Jim Crow, , Harlan, It’s Organizations: Harvard Locations: Louisiana
Sotomayor and Thomas are both the likely beneficiaries of affirmative action. A student at Harvard University at a rally in support of keeping affirmative action policies outside the Supreme Court on October 31, 2022. A young boy at the University of California, Berkeley in 1995 as students and families protested to keep affirmative action policies. In a statement following the ruling, former president Barack Obama wrote, "Like any policy, affirmative action wasn't perfect. Roberts accused the colleges' affirmative action programs of "employ[ing] race in a negative manner" without any "meaningful end points."
Persons: Sotomayor, , Clarence Thomas, Thomas, Sonia Sotomayor, colorblindness, Colorblindness, Howard Schultz, Tomi Lahren, Plessy, Ferguson, John Marshall Harlan, Antonin Scalia, Justice Roberts, Harlan's, David Butow, Roberts, Barack Obama, Michelle, haven't, Evelyn Hockstein, Michelle Obama, Katherine Phillips, Phillips Organizations: Supreme, Service, Harvard University, University of North, Latina, Yale Law School, Starbucks, Washington Post, Getty, Black, Seattle School District, University of California, Harvard, UCLA, UC, REUTERS, Princeton, Scientific, Columbia Business Locations: Berkeley, University of North Carolina, California, Idaho
Chief Justice John Roberts dedicated his 2022 year-end report to calling out threats against judges. He said that the courts cannot do their job if they do not feel safe. This comes after a tumultuous year for the court after it overturned Roe v. Wade this summer. Top editors give you the stories you want — delivered right to your inbox each weekday. This comes amid threats of violence to Supreme Court justices throughout the year, including a threat to Justice Brett Kavanaugh, and public dismay over several decisions made by the courts.
The House voted Thursday in favor of the Puerto Rico Status Act, which seeks to resolve the U.S. territory's status and its relationship to the United States through a binding plebiscite. The Puerto Rico Status Act also lays out terms for a November 2023 binding plebiscite including all three nonterritorial status options. Lawmakers from both sides debated the merits of the Puerto Rico Status Act on the House floor Thursday. While Democrats insisted the legislation is a significant step toward Puerto Rico's decolonization, Republicans worried over the economic implications of changing Puerto Rico's status. Venator- Santiago, who has been tracking Puerto Rico legislation in Congress for years, said this is the first time since 2010 that the House votes in favor of legislation dealing with changes to Puerto Rico’s territorial status.
They say that the Justice Department, in defending the law, and an appeals court, in upholding it, relied upon the so-called “Insular Cases,” a series of long-criticized early 20th century Supreme Court rulings. The Supreme Court’s decision not to hear the case means the lower court ruling remains in place. “The subordinate, inferior non-citizen National status relegates American Samoans to second-class participation in the Republic," the challengers’ lawyers say in court papers. American Samoa is the only territory to which Congress has not extended birthright citizenship. Of the current nine justices, two of them — liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor and conservative Justice Neil Gorsuch — have expressed concern about the Insular Cases remaining on the books.
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